U\u017e nyn\u00ed, v d\u016fsledku toho, \u017ee dohoda ISDS byla v\u010dlen\u011bna do daleko men\u0161\u00edch obchodn\u00edch dohod, se big byznys pod\u00edl\u00ed na orgii arbitr\u00e1\u017en\u00edch spor\u016f, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je zlikvidovat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 z\u00e1kony, kter\u00e9 by n\u011bjak mohly sn\u00ed\u017eit o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 zisky korporac\u00ed. Tab\u00e1kov\u00e1 firma Philip Morris \u017ealuje vl\u00e1du Uruguaye a Austr\u00e1lie za to, \u017ee se pokusily p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovat ve\u0159ejnost, aby nekou\u0159ila. Ropn\u00e9 firm\u011b Occidental bylo arbitr\u00e1\u017en\u00edm tribun\u00e1lem ud\u011bleno od\u0161kodn\u00e9 ve v\u00fd\u0161i 2,3 miliard dolar\u016f, kter\u00e9 j\u00ed mus\u00ed zaplatit vl\u00e1da Ekv\u00e1doru za to, \u017ee zastavila vrtn\u00e9 ropy firmy Occidental na Amazonce, pot\u00e9, co bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee firma Occidental poru\u0161ila ekv\u00e1dorsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kony. \u0160v\u00e9dsk\u00e1 korporace Vattenfall \u017ealuje n\u011bmeckou vl\u00e1du za to, \u017ee vy\u0159adila z provozu jadern\u00e9 reaktory. Jedna australsk\u00e1 firma \u017ealuje vl\u00e1du v El Salvadoru o od\u0161kodn\u00e9 ve v\u00fd\u0161i 300 milion\u016f dolar\u016f za to, \u017ee El Salvador odm\u00edtl poskytnout povolen\u00ed k otev\u0159en\u00ed dolu na zlato kv\u016fli obav\u00e1m, \u017ee to otr\u00e1v\u00ed tam\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pitnou vodu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed rokem jsem byl v zoufalstv\u00ed, p\u00ed\u0161e v den\u00edku Guardian George Monbiot. Nad Atlantikem vyvst\u00e1val \u010dern\u00fd mrak a hrozil zlikvidovat n\u011bkter\u00e9 svobody, za n\u011b\u017e na\u0161i p\u0159edci ob\u011btovali sv\u016fj \u017eivot. Schopnost parlament\u016f na obou stran\u00e1ch Atlantiku vyd\u00e1vat z\u00e1kony jm\u00e9nem sv\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f byla ohro\u017eena p\u0159ekvapuj\u00edc\u00ed smlouvou, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla poskytnout korporac\u00edm mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 pravomoci \u017ealovat vl\u00e1dy. Nevid\u011bl jsem mo\u017enost, jak tomu zabr\u00e1nit.<\/p>\n

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nikdo tehdy nesly\u0161el o Transatlantick\u00e9m obchodn\u00edm a investi\u010dn\u00edm partnerstv\u00ed (TTIP) krom\u011b t\u011bch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed tuto smlouvu ti\u0161e vyjedn\u00e1vali. Ob\u00e1val jsem se, \u017ee se o tom ani nikdo nedov\u00ed. Napasl jsem o tom z jednoho d\u016fvodu: abych mohl \u0159\u00edci sv\u00fdm d\u011btem, \u017ee jsem nez\u016fstal v t\u00e9to v\u011bci v ne\u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n

K m\u00e9mu obrovsk\u00e9mu p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed se ten \u010dl\u00e1nek vir\u00e1ln\u00edm zp\u016fsobem roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il do sv\u011bta. V d\u016fsledku reakce ve\u0159ejnosti a anga\u017em\u00e1 pozoruhodn\u00fdch aktivist\u016f reagovala Evropsk\u00e1 komise i britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da. Petici Stop TTIP u\u017e podepsalo v\u00edce ne\u017e 750 000 ob\u010dan\u016f, petici serveru 38 Degrees 910 000. Minul\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc se konalo 450 protestn\u00edch akc\u00ed ve 24 \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00edch EU. Evropsk\u00e1 komise byla nucena uspo\u0159\u00e1dat ve\u0159ejnou konzultaci o nejkontroverzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aspektech dohody TTIP a 150 000 lid\u00ed se \u00fa\u010dastnilo. Nikdy ne\u0159\u00edkejte, \u017ee se lid\u00e9 nedok\u00e1\u017eou anga\u017eovat ve slo\u017eit\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edm nebylo vyhr\u00e1no nic. Korporace a vl\u00e1dy – v \u010dele s vl\u00e1dou britskou – se mobilizuj\u00ed ve snaze porazit toto povst\u00e1n\u00ed. Av\u0161ak jejich postaven\u00ed se ka\u017ed\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc trochu zhor\u0161uje. Kdy\u017e reagoval britsk\u00fd ministr Ken Clarke, kter\u00fd tehdy byl za vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed smlouvy TIPP odpov\u011bdn\u00fd, trval na tom, \u017ee “nic by nebylo po\u0161etilej\u0161\u00ed” ne\u017e zve\u0159ejnit vyjedn\u00e1vac\u00ed pozici Evropy, jak jsem navrhl. Jen\u017ee minul\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc byla Evropsk\u00e1 komise donucena u\u010dinit pr\u00e1v\u011b toto. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 to vypadat, jako \u017ee boj proti dohod\u011b TIPP by se mohl st\u00e1t historick\u00fdm v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm lidu proti korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed moci.<\/p>\n

\u00dast\u0159edn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je to, co vyjednava\u010di naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed Dohoda o sporech mezi investory a st\u00e1ty (ISDS). Tato dohoda m\u00e1 umo\u017enit korporac\u00edm, aby \u017ealovaly vl\u00e1dy u arbitr\u00e1\u017en\u00edch tribun\u00e1l\u016f, jejich\u017e \u010dleny by byli korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edci. Jin\u00ed lid\u00e9 by v t\u011bchto tribun\u00e1lech zastoupeni nebyli. Verdikt t\u011bchto tribun\u00e1l\u016f by nebyl podrobov\u00e1n odvolac\u00edmu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed u soud\u016f.<\/p>\n

U\u017e nyn\u00ed, v d\u016fsledku toho, \u017ee dohoda ISDS byla v\u010dlen\u011bna do daleko men\u0161\u00edch obchodn\u00edch dohod, se big byznys pod\u00edl\u00ed na orgii arbitr\u00e1\u017en\u00edch spor\u016f, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je zlikvidovat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 z\u00e1kony, kter\u00e9 by n\u011bjak mohly sn\u00ed\u017eit o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 zisky korporac\u00ed. Tab\u00e1kov\u00e1 firma Philip Morris \u017ealuje vl\u00e1du Uruguaye a Austr\u00e1lie za to, \u017ee se pokusily p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovat ve\u0159ejnost, aby nekou\u0159ila. Ropn\u00e9 firm\u011b Occidental bylo arbitr\u00e1\u017en\u00edm tribun\u00e1lem ud\u011bleno od\u0161kodn\u00e9 ve v\u00fd\u0161i 2,3 miliard dolar\u016f, kter\u00e9 j\u00ed mus\u00ed zaplatit vl\u00e1da Ekv\u00e1doru za to, \u017ee zastavila vrtn\u00e9 ropy firmy Occidental na Amazonce, pot\u00e9, co bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee firma Occidental poru\u0161ila ekv\u00e1dorsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kony. \u0160v\u00e9dsk\u00e1 korporace Vattenfall \u017ealuje n\u011bmeckou vl\u00e1du za to, \u017ee vy\u0159adila z provozu jadern\u00e9 reaktory. Jedna australsk\u00e1 firma \u017ealuje vl\u00e1du v El Salvadoru o od\u0161kodn\u00e9 ve v\u00fd\u0161i 300 milion\u016f dolar\u016f za to, \u017ee El Salvador odm\u00edtl poskytnout povolen\u00ed k otev\u0159en\u00ed dolu na zlato kv\u016fli obav\u00e1m, \u017ee to otr\u00e1v\u00ed tam\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pitnou vodu.<\/p>\n

Stejn\u00fd mechanismus, v\u010dlen\u011bn\u00fd do smlouvy TTIP, by mohl zabr\u00e1nit britsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b zastavit privatizaci \u017eeleznic a st\u00e1tn\u00edho zdravotnictv\u00ed \u010di zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby princip ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed a nepo\u0161kozen\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody chr\u00e1nila p\u0159ed korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed chtivost\u00ed po pen\u011bz\u00edch. Korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed zasedaj\u00ed v t\u011bchto arbitr\u00e1\u017en\u00edch komis\u00edch, jsou pod\u0159\u00edzeni jen korporac\u00edm, jejich\u017e p\u0159\u00edpady posuzuj\u00ed a kter\u00e9 b\u00fdvaj\u00ed jejich zam\u011bstnavateli.<\/p>\n

Jak jeden z t\u011bchto lid\u00ed poznamenal: “Kdy\u017e se v noci probud\u00edm a uva\u017euji o t\u011bchto arbitr\u00e1\u017e\u00edch, nedok\u00e1\u017eu pochopit, jak je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee suver\u00e9nn\u00ed st\u00e1ty s investi\u010dn\u00edmi arbitr\u00e1\u017eemi v\u016fbec kdy souhlasily. T\u0159i soukrom\u00ed jednotlivci dostanou moc posoudit, bez jak\u00e9hokoliv omezen\u00ed \u010di odvolac\u00ed procedury ve\u0161ker\u00e9 \u010diny vl\u00e1dy, ve\u0161ker\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed soud\u016f a v\u0161echny z\u00e1kony a p\u0159edpisy, kter\u00e9 vydal parlament.”<\/p>\n

Tak \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed je toto ustanoven\u00ed, \u017ee dokonce i \u010dasopis The Economist, kter\u00fd norm\u00e1ln\u011b stoj\u00ed na stran\u011b korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed moci a obchodn\u00edch dohod, nyn\u00ed p\u00ed\u0161e proti dohod\u011b TTIP. The Economis napsal, \u017ee Dohoda o sporech mezi investory a st\u00e1ty (ISDS) je “zp\u016fsob, jak nechat multinacion\u00e1ln\u00ed korporace zbohatnout na \u00fakor oby\u010dejn\u00fdch lid\u00ed”.<\/p>\n

Britsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r David Cameron a korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed britsk\u00fd tisk \u00fato\u010d\u00ed proti nov\u00e9mu prezidentu Evropsk\u00e9 komise Jean-Claude Junckerovi pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee Juncker p\u0159isl\u00edbil ve sv\u00e9m manifestu, \u017ee “neob\u011btuje normy zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost pr\u00e1ce, zdrav\u00ed, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vymo\u0159enosti a ochranu dat na olt\u00e1\u0159 svobodn\u00e9ho obchodu. Ani nep\u0159ijmu omezen\u00ed jurisdikce soud\u016f v \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00edch EU speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi re\u017eimy pro spory s investory.” Juncker\u016fv zlo\u010din byl to, \u017ee p\u0159isl\u00edbil, \u017ee nep\u0159ed\u00e1 na\u0161i suverenitu korpor\u00e1tn\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016fm, jak si p\u0159ej\u00ed politikov\u00e9 jako David Cameron a medi\u00e1ln\u00ed korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed magn\u00e1ti.<\/p>\n

Juncker se nyn\u00ed octl pod obrovsk\u00fdm tlakem. Minul\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc mu napsalo 14 st\u00e1t\u016f, soukrom\u011b a bez konzultace se sv\u00fdmi parlamenty, a po\u017eadovaly v\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed Dohody o sporech mezi investory a st\u00e1ty (ISDS) do smlouvy TTIP. A kdo stoj\u00ed v \u010dele t\u00e9to kampan\u011b? Britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da.<\/p>\n

Co je tak \u0161patn\u00e9ho na soudech? Pokud cht\u011bj\u00ed korporace \u017ealovat vl\u00e1dy, u\u017e maj\u00ed tu mo\u017enost, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soud\u016f, jako kdokoliv jin\u00fd. V\u016fbec tomu nen\u00ed tak, \u017ee by, se sv\u00fdmi obrovsk\u00fdmi rozpo\u010dty, byly v t\u00e9to ar\u00e9n\u011b n\u011bjak diskriminov\u00e1ny. Pro\u010d by m\u011blo b\u00fdt korporac\u00edm dovoleno pou\u017e\u00edvat samostatn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, k n\u011bmu\u017e my ostatn\u00ed nem\u00e1me p\u0159\u00edstup? Co se stalo se z\u00e1sadou rovnosti p\u0159ed z\u00e1konem?<\/p>\n

Jestli\u017ee maj\u00ed na\u0161e soudy pr\u00e1vo odeb\u00edrat ob\u010dan\u016fm jejich svobodu, pro\u010d by nem\u011bly m\u00edt pr\u00e1vo odeb\u00edrat korporac\u00edm jejich o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 budouc\u00ed zisky? Obh\u00e1jci TTIP mus\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm odpov\u011bd\u011bt na tuto ot\u00e1zku.<\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od p\u0159edchoz\u00edch smluv byla tato aktivisty vyta\u017eena na sv\u011btlo sv\u011bta a jej\u00ed ospravedl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed se na denn\u00edm sv\u011btle rozlo\u017eilo. P\u0159ed n\u00e1mi je je\u0161t\u011b tvrd\u00fd boj a v\u00fdsledek nen\u00ed jist\u00fd, av\u0161ak m\u00e1m pocit, uzav\u00edr\u00e1 George Monbiot, \u017ee vyhrajeme.<\/p>\n

P\u0159e\u010dteno na: http:\/\/www.blisty.cz\/art\/75373.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

U\u017e nyn\u00ed, v d\u016fsledku toho, \u017ee dohoda ISDS byla v\u010dlen\u011bna do daleko men\u0161\u00edch obchodn\u00edch dohod, se big byznys pod\u00edl\u00ed na orgii arbitr\u00e1\u017en\u00edch spor\u016f, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je zlikvidovat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 z\u00e1kony, kter\u00e9 by n\u011bjak mohly sn\u00ed\u017eit o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 zisky korporac\u00ed. Tab\u00e1kov\u00e1 firma Philip Morris \u017ealuje vl\u00e1du Uruguaye a Austr\u00e1lie za to, \u017ee se…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":691,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_expiration-date-status":"saved","_expiration-date":0,"_expiration-date-type":"","_expiration-date-categories":[],"_expiration-date-options":[]},"categories":[3,12,6],"tags":[444,443],"class_list":["post-689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eu","category-novy-svetovy-rad","category-usa","tag-britske-listy","tag-ttip"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/pohled.podhrazsky.eu\/subdom\/pohled\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/689","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/pohled.podhrazsky.eu\/subdom\/pohled\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/pohled.podhrazsky.eu\/subdom\/pohled\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/pohled.podhrazsky.eu\/subdom\/pohled\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/pohled.podhrazsky.eu\/subdom\/pohled\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=689"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/pohled.podhrazsky.eu\/subdom\/pohled\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/689\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":692,"href":"http:\/\/pohled.podhrazsky.eu\/subdom\/pohled\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/689\/revisions\/692"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/pohled.podhrazsky.eu\/subdom\/pohled\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/pohled.podhrazsky.eu\/subdom\/pohled\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=689"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/pohled.podhrazsky.eu\/subdom\/pohled\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=689"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/pohled.podhrazsky.eu\/subdom\/pohled\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=689"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}